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Shutdown (Log Out or Reboot System) Commands

Shutdown, log out, and reboot commands in Linux are used to manage the system’s power state and user sessions. They allow you to gracefully shut down the system, log out from the current user session, or reboot the system. Here are the commonly used commands:

`init 0`(is used to initiate a system shutdown in Linux.)

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The command “init 0” is used to initiate a system shutdown in Linux. It is equivalent to the “shutdown” command with the parameter “0” or “halt”. When you run “init
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  • `init 0`(is used to initiate a system shutdown in Linux.)
  • `uname -r`(” is used to display the kernel release information in Linux.)
  • `apt-get install package_name`
  • `cat file1 | command (sed, grep, awk, grep, etc …)> result.txt`
  • cat file1 file2 .. | command > file1_out.txt
  • `badblocks -v /dev/hda1`(is used to scan for bad blocks on the device or partition “/dev/hda1” in Linux systems.)
  • `mkfs /dev/hda1`(is used to create a file system on the device or partition)
  • `mkswap /dev/hda3`
  • `dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak home` (is used to create a backup of the “home” directory using the “dump” utility.)
  • `cdrecord -v gracetime = 2 dev = /dev/cdrom -eject blank = fast -force`
  • `ifconfig eth0`(command is used to display the configuration information of the network interface named eth0)
  • `iptables -t filter -L`(is used to list the current firewall rules in the “filter” table of the “iptables” utility.)
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